wholesale bullet casing jewelry What file is the BAT file

wooden jewelry boxes wholesale BAT is a batch files under the DOS
.cmd is another batch file of the NT kernel command line environment
From a broader perspective, UNIX's shell script, other operating systems and even applications, even applications, and even applications The text that interprets the interpretation of the shell is very similar to the batch processing documents, and it is also executed by the dedicated interpreter in the interpretation of the behavior unit. This text form is more commonly used by the script language. Therefore, from a certain degree of analysis, Batch, Unix Shell, AWK, BASIC, Perl and other scripts are the same, but the scope of the application and the platforms of explanation are different. Even some applications are still in batch processing, and its content and extension name are completely different from the batch processing of DOS.
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The file is a text file. Each line of this file is a DOS command (most of the time as if we are executed under the DOS prompts), you can use the edit or Windows notepad under the DOS (NotePadad ) Wait for any text file editing tools to create and modify batch files.

==== Note =================
The non -DOS commands can be used in batch processing files There is no general data file with executable characteristics. This is due to the involvement of the new interpretation platform of Windows system, making the application of batch processing more and more "marginal". Therefore, the batch process we discuss should be limited to the DOS environment or the command environment, otherwise many concepts and settings need to be made large changes.
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Secondly, the approval file is a simple program that can pass through Conditional statements (IF) and process control statements (GOTO) to control the running process of the command run. In batch processing, a circular statement (for) can also be used to cycle a command. Of course, the programming ability of batch files is very limited compared to programming sentences such as C language and is also very irregular. The batch process statement statement is the DOS command (including internal commands and external commands), and the ability of batch processing depends mainly on the commands you use.

==== Note ================
batch file (batch file) can also be called batch processing procedures (BATCH Program), which is different from the compilation language. As far as the C language is concerned, the file with the extension C or CPP can be called a C language file or C language source code, but only the EXE file after the compilation is compiled and connected It can be called C language program. Because the batch file itself has both text readability and procedural execution, the boundaries of these titles are relatively vague.
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Third, each well -written batch file It is equivalent to an external command of a DOS. You can put the directory where it is located in your DOS search path (PATH) to make it run at any location. A good habit is to set up a BAT or BATCH directory on the hard disk (such as C: Batch), and then put all the batch files you wrote in the directory, so as long as you set in the PATH You can run all the batch procedures you wrote in any location.

==== Note ====
Purely in terms of DOS systems, the execution program can be subdivided into five categories. Yes: DOSKEY macro command (pre -left memory), internal commands in Command.com (enter the memory at any time according to the environment of the memory), and the executable program that uses COM as the expansion name (directly loads the memory by Command) Expansion executable procedures (loaded memory after regattcing by Command), and batch processing procedures expanded by BAT digit (interpretation and analysis by Command Execute procedures, analyze one line, execute one line, the file itself does not load memory itself)
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Fourth, in DOS and Win9x/ME systems Below, the autoexec.bat batch file in the C: The root directory is automatically running the batch processing file. The file will be automatically run when the system starts. Among them, for example, set up search paths, adjust mouse drivers and disk caches, set system environment variables, etc. The following is an example of AutoExec.bat running under Windows 98:
@echo off
Path C: Windows; c: windowscommand; c: c: dostools;
nc nc : SYSTOOLS; C: Wintools; C: BATCH
LH Smartdrv.exe /x R
lh doskey.com /insert
lh ctmouse.exe nset test = d: test nSet TMP = D: TEMP
==== Note ====
autoexec.bat is an automatic running processing file for the DOS system. Among them, not only adds many other automatic running files such as dosstart.bat, winstart.bat, etc., and adds many variants such as .dos .w40 .bak. OLD .pws to adapt Change demand.
==== Willsort Editing =============
The classification of commands below, there are many places worth scrutiny. The@常 in the commonly used commands is not a command, but DIR, Copy, etc. are also commonly used by commands, but all commands in special commands are commonly used commands for me. It is recommended to divide the commands quoted in the batch process into three categories: internal commands, external commands, and third -party procedures. In the internal command and external commands, there is a type of commands dedicated to or commonly used in batch processing.

The text of MS-DOS 6.22 The text on the "batch processing command" in the help document. Of course, some of these concepts and definitions are a bit backward.

The batch of processing commands

The batch processing file or batch processing program is a text file containing several MS-DOS commands, extended names .bat. When the name of the processing program is knocked into the processing program under the command prompt, the MS-DOS group executes the command in this batch of processing programs.

The commands that can be used under the command prompt can be used in batch processing procedures. In addition, the MS-DOS command below is specifically used in batch processing procedures.
===========

M common commands

eCho,@, call, pause, reM (Tips: :: replaced REM) It is the most commonly used commands used by batch files, and we start to learn from them.

==== Note ===========
First, @ not a command, but a special mark of DOS batch, only for shielding The command line is displayed. Below is some special markings that may be seen in the DOS command line or batch processing:
CR (0d) command line ending character
escape (1B) ANSI to rigid character guidance r r r r r r r
SPace (20) commonly used parameter definition
tab (09); = Unused parameter definition symbols
copy command File connection symbol
*? File pipe
"" character string definition definition Character
| Command pipes
u003C> >> File redirect direction of the file
@ command line back to display shield
/ parameter switch guidance Faculty
% batch processing variable guidance

second, :: can indeed play an annotation effect of ReM, and it is more concise and effective; but there are two points to pay attention to:
The first Except for ::, any character: the character line at the beginning is regarded as a label in the batch processing, and directly ignores all the contents of the subsequent, just to distinguish between the normal label. Label, that is, a special symbol with a non -letter number.
The second, unlike ReM, the character lines after :: The command line is revealed, because the command interpreter does not think he is an effective command line. From this point of view, REM will be compared with ::: .
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echo indicates the character after the command shows this command
eCho OFF indicates that this statement is indicated in this statement After all the commands of the operation are displayed, the command line itself
@@后 e e 后, but it is added to the front of each command line, indicating that the command line of this line does not display during the runtime (can only affect the current current Row).
call calls another batch of processing files (if you directly call other batch files without calling, then you will not be able to return the current file and execute the subsequent command of the current file after performing the batch processing file).
PAUSE runs this sentence to suspend the execution of the processing and displays the prompt of the Press Any Key Key to Continue on the screen. ), Not executed, just give yourself reference (equivalent to comments in the program).
==== Note =====
The description here is more chaotic. -------------------- rnECHO rnrn当程序运行时，显示或隐藏批处理程序中的正文。 It can also be used to allow or prohibit the recovery of commands.

Is when running batch processing procedures, MS-DOS generally displays commands in the (back) batch process on the screen.
It using the Echo command to turn off this function.

grammar

echo [on | off]

If to display a command with the ECHO command, the following syntax can be used:

echo [Message]

Parameters

on | off
specifies whether the replacement of the command allows the command. To display the current Echo settings, you can use the Echo
command without parameters.

message
specifies the text that MS-DOS displayed on the screen. rnrn------------------- rnrnCALL rnrn从一个批处理程序中调用Another batch process is not suspended without the first batch.

grammar

Call [drive:] [Path] FILENAME [BATCH-]

Parameters
n [Drive:] [PATH] FILENAME
The names of the batch process to be called and their storage are specified. The file name must be used as an extension.

batch-
Plip information required for specified batch processing procedures. rnrn------------------------------- rnrnPAUSE r n
The execution of the processing process and displaying a message, prompting the user to continue the execution of the arbitrary key. This command can only be used in the batch
.

grammar

PAUSE

R

In batch files or config.sys. You can also use the REM command to block the command (you can also use a segment number in config.sys
; instead of the REM command, but not replaced in the batch file).

grammar

Rem [string]

parameter
nstring
annotation.
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example 1: Edit a.bat file with edit, enter the following content The deposit is C: A.BAT. After performing this batch of processing files, it can be implemented: all files in the root directory are written into A.TXT, starting UCDOS, and entering WPS and other functions.

The content of the batch of processing files is: command annotation:

@echo OFF does not display subsequent command lines and current command lines
dir C:*.*> A. TXT writes the list of C drive files into A.TXT
Call C: Ucdosucdos.bat to call UCDOS
echo. : Ready to run WPS
CD UCDOS into UCDOS directory
WPS Run WPS

The parameters of batch processing files

Using parameters (equivalent to the command line parameters of the DOS command), this requires a parameter representation "%".

%[1-9] represents the parameter. The parameter refers to a string separated by a space (or TAB) after the file name is added when running the file. The variables can be represented by the batch command itself from%0 to%9,%0, and other parameter string are represented by%1 to%9.

example 2: C: There is a batch of processing files f.bat under the root directory, and the content is:
@echo off
format %1

If C:> F A:
, when you execute F.BAT, %1 means that A:, so format %1 is equivalent to format a:, so the above command is actually executed by Format A:

example 3: C: The following batch of processing files are T.BAT, and the content is:
@echo off
type %1
type %2

then running C:> T a.txt B.txt
%1: Represents A.txt
%2: indicates b.txt
Display the contents of the A.TXT and B.txt files.

==== Note ==============
The parameters are also used as variables in batch processing Faculty, then the relationship between the number of numbers in the 0-9. The relationship between the reference symbol and the parameter (eg, the%1 and A:) is similar to the relationship between the variable pointer and the variable value. When we want to quote the first ranking When eleven or more parameters, you must move the parameter of the DOS to start the pointer. The shift command is acting as the role of this mobile pointer. It moves the starting pointer of the parameter to Operation. The icon is as follows:

The initial state, CMD is the command name, you can reference at%0
cmd arg1 arg3 arg4 arg5 arg6 arg8 arg9 arg10
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ distance After n, after 1 shift, CMD will not be cited
CMD ARG1 ARG2 ARG3 ARG4 ARG5 ARG6 ARG8 ARG9 ARG10
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | |
%0 %1 %2 %3 %5 %7 %7 %8 %9

After 2 shifts, ARG1 is also abandoned, and the %9 finger direction For empty, there is no reference meaning
CMD ARG1 ARG2 ARG3 ARG4 ARG5 ARG6 ARG8 ARG9 ARG10
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | | |
%0 %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8

. Unfortunately, neither of Win9X and DOS do not support Shift's inverse operations. , shift only supports/n parameters, you can start with the first parameter as the benchmark. n Special commands

if Goto Choice for is a relatively advanced command in the batch processing file. If you are very skilled in these, you are an expert in batch files.

. IF is a conditional statement to determine whether it meets the prescribed conditions to determine the execution of different commands. There are three formats:

1, if [not] "parameter" == "string" string "to be executed

The parameters are equal to (not to wait, the same below) The specified string will be established and runs the command, otherwise run the next sentence.

Example: if "%1" == "a" format a:

===

If's command line helps this help The description of the point is:
if [not] string1 == String2 Command
It the following points to pay attention:
1. The dual quotes containing string A "air defense" character used
2. String1 may not be parameters. It can also be an environment variable, circular variables, and other string constants or variables
3. Command is not necessary for grammar. The space can form an effective command line
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2 , If [not] exist [path] file name to be executed
. If there are specified files, the condition is established and runs the command, otherwise run the next sentence.

, as: if exist c: config.sys type C: config.sys n means that if there is a c: config.sys file, it displays its content.

******* Note *********
can also use the following usage:
if exist commit
DEVICE means The loaded device usually has:
aux, PRN, CON, NUL
COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4
LPT1, LPT3, LPT4
xmsxxx0, emmxxxx0 na : B: C: ...,
Clock $, config $, dblbuff $, ifs $ HLP $
The specific content will be slightly different due to the different software environment. You need to ensure the following three points:
1. The device does exist (except for software virtual devices)
2. The device driver has been loaded (AUX, PRN and other standard devices are defined by the system default)
3. The device is ready (mainly refer to a: b: ..., com1 ..., lpt1 ..., etc.)
The device loaded in the system
In addition, in the DOS system, the device is also considered a special file, and the file can also be called a character device; Handle) is managed, the handle is the name, similar to the file name, but the handle is not applied to disk management, but it is used in memory management. R n ===================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== n
3, if u003C3, if u003C3, Commands to be executed

This DOS programs will return a digital value to represent the results (or status) of the program running after running. Value determines different commands (the return value must be arranged in order from large to small). If the return value is equal to the specified number, the condition is established and the command command is run, otherwise run the next sentence.

. If 2 GOTO X2

==== Note =========
It is not necessary, but just the habit of executing the command as GOTO. When using Set as the execution command, it is usually arranged from small to large. For example, if you need to put the return code into the environment variable, you need to use the following order form:

if 1 set el = 1
if 2 set el = 2
if 3 set el = 3
if 4 set el = 4
if 5 set el = 5
...

of course, you can also use the following cycle to replace it. IF %% E set el = %% e

The more efficient and concise usage. You can refer to another article I wrote about the article

Yes, the judgment condition of the IF comparison code is not equal to, but greater than equal. Due to the jump characteristics of GOTO, from small to large sorting, it will jump out at a smaller return code; and due to the "duplicate" assignment of the SET command, the "duplicate" assignment of the SET command Features, from large to small sorting will cause a smaller return code "cover" larger return code.

It, although if = u003Cdigital> Command is also an effective command line, it is only Command Explain the command line = as a command line cut into a symbol and ignore it
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. The GOTO batch file runs here to jump to the label (label, label, use: later: after the standard string is defined). Conditions to execute different command groups.

, such as:

goto end

: end
echo this is the end

"String" definition, the label is not executed.

=== Willsort : Use the condition that can be implemented in the middle of the way, and combined with the IF to implement the conditional branch of the execution process, multiple IFs can implement the command of the command. Similar to the Switch Case structure in C or the Select Case structure in BASIC, large -scale and structured structure The command of the command can achieve functional functions in advanced languages. The following is a comparison of batch processing and C / Basic in grammatical structure:

batch C / Basic
goto

wholesale southern style jewelry Batch processing procedure
but more used for storing data. The program used by myself